Table 1

Previous studies comparing executive functions in ASD vs. ADHD


Ozonoff et al. 1999
Nyden et al. 1999
Geurts et al. 2004
Goldberg et al. 2005
Happé et al. 2006
Johnson et al. 2007

Sample (n)
n = 93
n = 30
n = 136
n = 70
n = 94
n = 62
-Autism
40
10
41
17
32
21
-ADHD
24
10
54
21
30
23
-TD
29
10
41
32
32
18
ASD diagnosis (%)






- HFA
40 (100)
-
41 (100)
17 (100)
6 (19)
21 (100)
- AS
-
10 (100)
-
-
26 (81)
-
ADHD subtype (%)
?
?

?
?

- Combined s.


36 (67)


22
- Inattentive only s.


16 (29)


1
- Hyperactive/Impulsive s.


2 (4)


-
Inclusion of ADHD in ASD group
?
?
Yes,
no
no
no



only inattentive subtype



Age at testing (years)
12.1
10.0
9.3
11.2
10.1
11.2
Min-Max
(6–18)
(8–11)
(6–13)
(?)
(8–12)
(?)
IQ
103.4
95.6
103.1
107.6
101.8
101.2
Neuropsychological measures






-Inhibition
Stroop CWT
Go-No-Go, RIT
CT, CDT, TEA-Ch
Stroop CWT
Go-No-Go
SART
-Working Memory
-
-
S-OPT
C SWM
C SWM
-
-Planning
TOH
-
TOL
C SOC
C SOC
-
-Flexibility
WCST
WCST
WCST
C ID/ED
C ID/ED,
-





Verbal Fluency


Note: CDT = Circle Drawing Task; C ID/ED = CANTAB Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional shift task; C SOC = CANTAB Stockings of Cambridge; C SWM = CANTAB Spatial WorkingMemory; CT = Change Task; RIT = Response Inhibition Task; SART = Sustained Attention to Response Task; S-OPT = Self-Ordered Pointing; Stroop CWT = Stroop Colour Word Test; TD = Typically developing group; TEA-Ch = Test of Everyday Attention for Children; TOH = Tower of Hanoi; TOL = Tower of London; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test;

Sinzig et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2008 2:4   doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-4