|
Previous studies comparing executive functions in ASD vs. ADHD |
||||||
| Ozonoff et al. 1999 |
Nyden et al. 1999 |
Geurts et al. 2004 |
Goldberg et al. 2005 |
Happé et al. 2006 |
Johnson et al. 2007 |
|
|
|
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| Sample (n) |
n = 93 |
n = 30 |
n = 136 |
n = 70 |
n = 94 |
n = 62 |
| -Autism |
40 |
10 |
41 |
17 |
32 |
21 |
| -ADHD |
24 |
10 |
54 |
21 |
30 |
23 |
| -TD |
29 |
10 |
41 |
32 |
32 |
18 |
| ASD diagnosis (%) |
||||||
| - HFA |
40 (100) |
- |
41 (100) |
17 (100) |
6 (19) |
21 (100) |
| - AS |
- |
10 (100) |
- |
- |
26 (81) |
- |
| ADHD subtype (%) |
? |
? |
? |
? |
||
| - Combined s. |
36 (67) |
22 |
||||
| - Inattentive only s. |
16 (29) |
1 |
||||
| - Hyperactive/Impulsive s. |
2 (4) |
- |
||||
| Inclusion of ADHD in ASD group |
? |
? |
Yes, |
no |
no |
no |
| only inattentive subtype |
||||||
| Age at testing (years) |
12.1 |
10.0 |
9.3 |
11.2 |
10.1 |
11.2 |
| Min-Max |
(6–18) |
(8–11) |
(6–13) |
(?) |
(8–12) |
(?) |
| IQ |
103.4 |
95.6 |
103.1 |
107.6 |
101.8 |
101.2 |
| Neuropsychological measures |
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| -Inhibition |
Stroop CWT |
Go-No-Go, RIT |
CT, CDT, TEA-Ch |
Stroop CWT |
Go-No-Go |
SART |
| -Working Memory |
- |
- |
S-OPT |
C SWM |
C SWM |
- |
| -Planning |
TOH |
- |
TOL |
C SOC |
C SOC |
- |
| -Flexibility |
WCST |
WCST |
WCST |
C ID/ED |
C ID/ED, |
- |
| Verbal Fluency |
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|
Note: CDT = Circle Drawing Task; C ID/ED = CANTAB Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional shift task; C SOC = CANTAB Stockings of Cambridge; C SWM = CANTAB Spatial WorkingMemory; CT = Change Task; RIT = Response Inhibition Task; SART = Sustained Attention to Response Task; S-OPT = Self-Ordered Pointing; Stroop CWT = Stroop Colour Word Test; TD = Typically developing group; TEA-Ch = Test of Everyday Attention for Children; TOH = Tower of Hanoi; TOL = Tower of London; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; | ||||||
Sinzig et al. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2008 2:4 doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-4 |
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